Benzodiazepines, also known as benzos, are one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in America. They can be lifesavers in the short term. Common names are Xanax, Valium and Librium. In fact, Xanax is the number one prescribed benzodiazepine in America. It’s often used for anxiety and panic attacks. Benzodiazepines are also used for seizures, muscle spasms, insomnia and alcohol withdrawal.
Benzodiazepines, as with many pharmaceuticals, have their share of side effects. These include dizziness, drowsiness, poor coordination, depression, headache, vision problems and confusion. They can actually increase the risk of dementia in people over 65 years of age and therefore, are not recommended for seniors.
Tolerance develops quickly, which results in the need to take higher dosages to get the same effect. One can become dependent and addicted in as little as 30 days. Again, they can be ok in the short term, but not so much in the long term. Patients must be carefully weaned off benzodiazepines by a healthcare provider. Sudden withdrawal from them can result in tremors, muscle spasms and life-threatening seizures.
How do benzodiazepines work? They actually help one of your neurotransmitters, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), to bind to its receptor more strongly. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps you to become calm and sedate. You know what else helps your GABA bind to its receptor? The endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, also known as 2-AG. 2-AG is part of your endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS is the master regulator that every mammal possesses. It governs your neurologic, immune, reproductive, digestive and hormonal systems. When your GABA levels begin to decline, which can happen with stress, 2-AG increases and helps your GABA bind to its receptor to help calm you. It’s an allosteric modulator. Cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of cannabis, is also an allosteric modulator and helps GABA bind to its receptor.
Cannabis isn’t the only plant that helps promote calm via GABA or its receptor. The flavonoid, apigenin, actually binds directly to the GABA receptor. Flavonoids give plants their flavor and color. They protect plants from UV damage and pests. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Plants high in the flavonoid, apigenin, include chamomile, parsley, celery, peppermint, cloves, spinach, artichokes, licorice root, rosemary, thyme, lemon balm, basil, oregano and coriander.
Lastly, there are a few more practices and supplements that can increase your GABA levels. The all-important gut microbiome produces GABA. The microbiome is all those microorganisms on and in your body that actually run the show. A colorful, organic, predominantly plant-based diet makes for a healthy microbiome. Yoga and meditation also have been shown to increase GABA. Finally, vitamin B6, magnesium and melatonin also increase GABA levels. The next time you’re feeling stressed, remember there are many plants, including cannabis or its constituent, CBD, that can soothe you. Do some stretches, take deep breaths and sip a cup of chamomile tea.
Consider all the plant-based and alternative options for managing stress prior to using the option of benzodiazepines. If you already use this pharmaceutical and wish to try these other options, sudden withdrawal is potentially life-threatening. Wean off benzodiazepines under the care of a healthcare provider.
Dr. Dawson is a medical cannabis advocate, educator, speaker and consultant. She has dual board certification in obstetrics and gynecology, as well as integrative (holistic) medicine. She offers online educational consultations regarding medical cannabis, CBD and holistic gynecology.
