The last thing you want to do when you’re trying to heal from illness or stay healthy is to bring more toxins into your body. That’s exactly what you may be doing if you are consuming cannabis or hemp-based CBD products without a certificate of analysis. This is unlikely if your product is organic or its equivalent.
The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Organic Program was established in 2000 as a result of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990. The USDA organic seal means the raw, fresh and processed products contain at least 95% organic ingredients.1 Farms have to implement organic practices before anything is planted, follow standards, keep records and be inspected periodically. Organic standards have been slightly weakened due to politics and lobbying of big corporations getting into the space.2,3 Farmers and advocates have renewed hope of moving the program to new heights as we realize how conventional agricultural practices destroy soil and contribute to climate change.4
Cannabis and hemp are bioaccumulators. They absorb toxins from the soil, water and air. They also absorb toxins from the various products and the fertilizer used on them. They are known as phytoremediators. In fact, hemp was planted in 1998 at the site of the worst nuclear disaster in history to help remove radiation.7,8 Chernobyl, a nuclear plant in Ukraine, exploded on April 26, 1986, releasing four times more radiation than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.3
Thus, it’s important that the cannabis and hemp you bring into your body is safe and clean. The highest safety standard for hemp is organic.4 Cannabis is not recognized as a legal crop due to its federal prohibition status under the Control Substances Act, therefore, cannot be called organic. Thankfully, at least two companies have stepped up to the plate to fill this void and more. Clean Green and Sun + Earth offer certifications for cannabis products.5,6 They go beyond organic and encompass regenerative practices which include consciously improving soil quality, protecting farm workers rights and community relations. Other companies are now following their lead.
In no particular order, let’s review why it’s so important to have a clean source of cannabis and hemp.
#1 No GMOs
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are animals, plants or microbes whose DNA has been changed using genetic engineering techniques.9,10 Often, two species that would never cross breed in nature are brought together using this technique. The promises of GMOs, according to the food industry, were better looking, less expensive and longer lasting produce. One of the first GMO crops planted in America was the soybean by Monsanto (now owned by Bayer) in 1996. A bacteria was found to be resistant to the herbicide glyphosate, the active ingredient of Roundup. The bacteria’s gene was then introduced into the soybean to allow farmers to spray Roundup with abandon and not harm their crops. Glyphosate interrupts the shikimate biochemical pathway in plants and fungi. It prevents them from synthesizing three essential amino acids or protein building blocks. Humans and animals don’t have this pathway. That’s why Monsanto assumed it would be safe for us. However, a new preclinical study shows some bacteria strains of our gut microbiome have this pathway. Thus, glyphosate is most likely disrupting our microbiome leading to cancer, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and depression.11 GMOs have also been associated with life-threatening food allergies, damage to liver, kidney and reproductive organs. It is also dangerous to marine life, other plants and insects. Thanks to glyphosate, milkweed is near extinct in the Midwest. Milkweed is the monarch butterfly's host plant. This has led to a major decline in the monarch butterfly population for the last two decades.12 Several multimillion dollar lawsuits against Monsanto have been decided in favor of the plaintiffs who developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. More lawsuits are pending.13
#2 Little to No Synthetic Pesticides
Organic farmers are allowed to use pesticides that are primarily natural like horticultural vinegar, pheromones, seed fennel and lime sulfur for example. Depending on the dose and duration of exposure, many other pesticides, typically synthetic, can be very toxic. They may cause everything from irritation, inflammation, allergic reaction to lung, kidney, liver, nervous and immune system damage.11,12 Synthetic pesticides can cause cancer, birth defects, infertility and disrupt your hormones. This is why it’s so important for women who are pregnant or are trying to conceive to avoid as many toxins as possible.13,14
#3 Fewer Heavy Metals
Humans have used heavy metals for millennia as tools, art, and building materials. The heavy metals most dangerous to humans are lead (petroleum emissions), cadmium (cigarette smoke), mercury (fish) and arsenic (contaminated groundwater.)16 The earth's crust naturally contains organic arsenic. It can be used as an alloy in the processing of glass, pigments, textiles, and ammunition. Most humans are exposed to heavy metals via their food, dental amalgams, and cigarette smoke. Health effects include kidney failure, bone fractures and brain damage, including memory, loss, and behavioral disorders. Fetuses and children are at greatest risk for long-term exposure to heavy metals.17
Cannabis grown on farmland previously sprayed with pesticides may also contain lead, mercury, cadmium, and other toxic metals. This is why it’s important to test the soil before you plant.
Currently, approximately half of states require heavy-metal testing. Typically they only look for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Even if every state required heavy metal testing, we would still miss many exposures that occur with the operation of vape pens. Many e-cigarette type vape pens release heavy metals from their heating coils and other hardware. Components of the vape cartridges release heavy metals over time as they sit on dispensary shelves or in your home. An electronic vaporizer made for dry flower or oil, versus prepackaged vape pens, circumvents this danger.19
In addition, cannabis and hemp concentrates and edibles have increased in popularity. Heavy metals and other toxins may also get concentrated in these final products. This is why the final product should be tested as well.
#4 No Ionizing Radiation
Typically food is irradiated by industry to improve safety and extend shelf life by killing microorganisms and insects. The process of irradiation of food results in the loss of fat soluble antioxidants like vitamins A, E and K, as well as water soluble vitamins, B12 and C.20,21 Many companies also irradiate medical cannabis to protect immunocompromised individuals from harmful yeast, moles, and bacteria. A study showed that irradiation does not affect cannabinoid content. However, it does decrease the level of terpenes remaining in the cannabis or hemp.22 We know that terpenes possess healing properties. It appears one would be trading terpene healing potential for a more “sterile” plant product.
#5 No Synthetic Fertilizers
Plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium among other things. Farmers can supply this with synthetic or organic fertilizer. They can also use regenerative practices. However, that is beyond the scope of this article. Synthetic fertilizers are fast acting and less expensive. However, they don’t “feed the soil.” They can burn and stress plants. They can decrease soil health, resulting in the need to use more chemicals. Synthetic fertilizers do not typically add nutrients outside of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They can add heavy metals, pollute groundwater, streams, lakes, and rivers, which adversely affect aquatic life.23
Organic fertilizers are more expensive and take longer to work. They require microorganisms to break them down before they can be absorbed by roots. They also nourish the soil, provide calcium and proteins to plants. Organic fertilizers decrease stress to plants. They increase their health which can decrease the need for pesticides and herbicides.24 Attention should be paid to the sourcing of even plant-based organic fertilizers. For example, arsenic levels can be high for standard sea kelp extract.25 Organic farmers are paradoxically allowed to use manure from conventionally raised animals as fertilizer. To keep heavy metals levels low, use manure from free range animals fed off certified organic land.
#6 No Synthetic Hydrocarbon or GMO Solvents
The US Pharmacopeial Convention and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have divided extraction solvents into three groups: avoid completely, use with caution, and generally recognized as safe (GRAS).26,27 The most common commercial extraction methods used for cannabis and hemp are hydrocarbon solvents, supercritical CO2 and ethanol. They are all GRAS.
Hydrocarbon solvents like butane and propane are very efficient in extracting cannabinoids while leaving unwanted plant materials behind. They have greater specificity and less toxicity than similar hydrocarbons. They are commonly used in the legal and illicit market. They are volatile, derived from fossil fuels, and are not without risk in the wrong hands. These solvents can also pull pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals from the plant if it wasn’t raised organically.
Organic food grade ethanol is safe, but less specific in its extraction products. Supercritical CO2 is a gas that becomes liquid at very low temperatures. The FDA has approved CO2 extraction because it is safer and provides higher purity. Both organic ethanol and supercritical CO2 have been approved for organic hemp and cannabis.28,29, 30,31
#7 Better for the Environment
Conventional agricultural practices cause soil erosion, pollute our air, land and water. One third of US cropland has been abandoned due to soil erosion since 1950.32 It's estimated that the Earth only has 60 years of topsoil left for growing crops if agricultural practices don’t change. Organic farming practices enrich the soil and promote biodiversity.33
#8 Better for Farmers and Farmworkers
The commercial production of food from the land is one of the most hazardous careers in the United States. Excluding work-related injuries, which are significant and sometimes fatal, farmers and farmworkers are at increased risk for certain diseases while using conventional agricultural techniques. Exposure to synthetic pesticides and fertilizers increases farmers’ risk for Parkinson’s disease and certain cancers like leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.34,35,36
#9 Better for you
You can’t do or be anything well, if you don’t have good health. You can’t be a good mother, father, child, caretaker, wife, husband, partner, employer, employee, or active member of your spiritual community without optimal health. Thus, it makes sense that your medicine is not bringing additional toxins into your body.
When we consume conventionally raised food or medicine which contains GMOs, petrochemical byproducts, artificial preservatives and colorings, our microbiome doesn’t know what to do with them. We and the microbes that support us were never meant to consume these things. Therefore, the gut microbiome produces metabolites that have no place in our bodies and create inflammation, damages our bodies and creates diseases like diabetes, hypertension and cancer.
Organic (or its equivalent), third-party tested hemp and cannabis is the highest quality you can consume. It is acknowledged that products in the legal cannabis and hemp markets are expensive due to overtaxation. While we wait for politicians to listen to advocates and the people, consider growing your own if you live in a state that allows it. Consider working or volunteering with organic farmers and growers. Take advantage of farmer’s markets that allow direct sales to consumers. Dr. Mark Hyman often states, “your body is the smartest doctor in the room.” Our body knows how to heal if we only get out of its way and give it what it needs.
Dr. Dawson, CEO of P.L.A.N.T.S. for Lyfe, is a board certified obstetrician gynecologist with expertise in holistic, integrative and functional medicine. She is a medical cannabis educator and consultant. She is co-author of a forthcoming book along with Oskii Chevanier, Jamaican Herbalist, COO and Marilyn Pierce, RN, CFO on holistic living using botanicals including cannabis. https://www.plantsforlyfe.com/
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